“Malaria up to 500 million cases, up to 1 million deaths: Malaria parasite may be in control though smelly feet, new ideas to save lives from malaria and West Nile virus” ~Cynthia G. Creel 5-21-2013

“Malaria 
up to 500 million cases,  up to 1 million deaths:
Malaria parasite  may be in control though smelly feet, new ideas to save lives from malaria and West Nile virus”

~Cynthia G. Creel

5-21-2013

My story: 

We were camping on a warm summers evening and I could hear others talk about how bad the mosquitoes were. They were being “eaten alive”. I didn't quite understand then why I was 2 feet away and not one mosquitoes landed on me, not one bite. For me it was like they didn't exist.  The question always came to me why not me and why them? My concern was always minor because malaria parasite transmitted by a mosquito is not considered a threat where I live. Today the West Nile virus , also carried by mosquitoes, is a real threat that can cause a mild illness to death. I have had several friends who have been diagnosed with West Nile. There had to be an unknown difference why the mosquitoes were “in love“ with some and not others. . Another piece of the puzzle came into place with new information. 

West Nile vs. Malaria, both are bad: 

However West Nile doesn’t usually have the same  impact of  number of deaths or damage of the malaria parasite. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported in 2012 (9) with 5,674 cases and 286 deaths in the United States.. While world wide the  CDC reports (10) causing 350–500 million infections worldwide and approximately 1 million deaths  The CDC (12) provides a short history of the West Nile virus  from the beginning gin 1937 the West Nile virus was first isolated from a  women who lived in the West Nile District of Uganda in 1937. West Nile can be tracked  by out peaks occurring in Algeria in 1994, Romania in 1996-1997, the Czech Republic in 1997, the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998, Russia in 1999, the United States in 1999, and Israel in 2000.  

The Oxford study of West Nile virus (13) shows the world wide progression of the disease from 1937 to 2006.: 

Oxford study world map of West Nile virus by years (13)

Oxford study world distribution of West Nile virus 2006 (13) 

CDC map of West Nile virus in the United States 2013 (14) 

Exposure by area:

If someone lives or travels to an area where the parasite lives or the West Nile virus is active the person is a risk of contracting the malaria parasite. According to the CDC (10) “Travelers with the highest estimated relative risk for infection are those going to West Africa and Oceania. Travelers going to other parts of Africa, South Asia, and South America have a moderate estimated relative risk for infection. Travelers with lower estimated relative risk are those going to Central America and other parts of Asia.” 

CDC (10) Map 3-10.Malaria-endemic countries in the Eastern Hemisphere

CDC (10) Map 3-09.Malaria-endemic countries in the Western Hemisphere

Smelly feet connection:

Why do some peoples feet smell like a bear that has been dead for a week and others don’t smell at all? Not quite sure why, just know that it is true from past experience. Even with myself I found a difference in the smell of my feet when I become unhealthier. One of the signs of not being healthy is the reaction of the body by the smells that it produces that  aren't  like roses. According to the National Institute of health (NIH) (6) a change in breath to a fruity smell may indication of diabetes. Are the possibly unhealthy humans being victimized by a small and mighty parasite by tapping into the production of human odors. Are the mosquito’s and a humans both victims of the third parties skill to continue to prolific at? Some recent studies find a possible connection between smelly feet, mosquitoes, and the malaria parasite. It is possible it is any body odor not just smelly feet that affect the desirability of a person to mosquitoes. . 

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The studies: 

A  PLOSONE study(1) suggested a mosquito with the malariea parasite (Anopheles gambiae)   may the ability to manipulate the behavior of the female mosquito towards a particular host. An effected mosquitoes was significantly more attracted to human odors than an uninfected mosquitoes.  In the future a highly  attractive odor to the mosquitoes maybe used as bate for a mosquitoes trap that may help to reduce the chances of contraction malariea. 

 PLOS ONE study (1) "Figure 1. Attraction of malaria infected mosquitoes to human odor.

(A) Total number of landings by uninfected (green bars) and P. falciparum infected (red bars) An. gambiae s.s. females in response to no odor (left bars) or human odor (right bars). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. (B) Simplified overview of our hypothesis on the effect of P. falciparum infection of An. gambiae s.s. on human malaria risk via alterations in the olfactory system of the vector (OBPs: odorant-binding proteins, ORs/IRs: olfactory and ionotropic receptors; R0: the basic reproductive number)."

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063602.g001

Another study (2) suggests  humans already infected by the malaria parasites (Anopheles gambiae)  were more attractive to mosquitoes affecting the rate of transition of the malaria parasites. 

According to the BBC (3) article the infected malaria  mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae)  may have a “heightened sense of smell directed by the malaria parasite… allowing them to fund us quicker” stated by Dr. James LoganLSHTM. Directing the infected mosquitoes to body odor like smelly feet putting the person with the smelly feet at a possible  higher risk. 

Solutions without harm:

Currently one environmentally unsound way to control the mosquitoes possible carrying the malaria parasite as reported by the Environmental  Protection Agency (EPA)  I wrote about (8) In September of 2006 the World Health Organization (Who) supports the indoor use of DDT (a band pesticide in the United States and other parts of the world)  in African countries to help control malaria. A newer solution according to the CDC (11) are insecticide-=treated bed nets. These choice was out of desperation of a large problem and not other understanding how to correct for it. It seems it would also help solve the problem and create a whole set of other problems in the long run. 

With the understanding the “smelly feet” connection traps may be able to be created by using a lure to the mosquitoes carrying the parasite and eliminating them as a potential risk to West Nile virus or the malaria parasite. If this become reality the exposure to a potentially harmful pesticide is eliminated, the possible of a threat from the mosquitoes may be  strongly reduced. Leaving less people at risk of being infected. Good for people and good for the environment is ideal. . 

Final words:

Smart parasite have developed  a system to give them the home court advantage by making both the infected mosquitoes find a human faster and an infected human becomes more desirable to the mosquito giving it better odds of the parasite’s survival. The possibility of understanding the manipulations of the malaria parasite helps us to us and may be the mosquitoes downfall with the possible. Being able to divert the infected mosquitoes with traps covered in a desirable scent could be cost effective and helps stop exposure to the malaria parasite or West Nile virus. . It would also help to limit the exposure to use of pesticides in a home or sleep under a pesticide infused netting.

A third way to help seems to be stepping onto the Path of True Health. If diabetes and other symptoms of becoming unhealthy change the odor of our bodies to become help a person to become a victim than it might help to control the malaria parasite or West Nile virus including the idea of not dealing with an itchy mosquito bit many all become a true benefit. 

Protecting ourselves is our first defense to invaders that just want to use our bodies for their propose.  The more proactive we can all become the more likely the negative results in life can be avoided. Stand up tall with an upright posture and be proactive. The solution  helps to keep moving the best direction is to step onto the path of True Health.  Discover a new world. Help yourself, help the world, step on to the Path of True Health and vote with your dollars  company you want to support to create a world you will love to live in. I do, and I like the world I am helping to create. Together we can create a better life for all to remember over their entire lifetime  Together we can protect what we have so we don’t need to live in a world that is second rate.

By Design ~ “Life is good By Design”

Photo creation by  Cynthia G. Creel all rights reserved ©2013

There is now some advertising on my page, I do not necessarily endorse the products sold.  Look carefully I do not always have control over the ads placed. I am in favor of  helping the environmental  wild life and people. I do my best to try to have advertising that agrees with my this philosophy  however it takes time to create what is needed. So please consider the larger picture before purchasing anything. Thank you for being proactive

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all rights reserved ©2013 written permission is needed to duplicate

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of By Design or Cynthia G. Creel. Consultation of a medical professional is highly recommended before any changes are considered. This article is not saying anyone person in a leadership position is unhealthy or healthy, it is just a possibly of many and is only speaking in general terms. .Note: No company mentioned in this article is considered to serve “healthy or unhealthy” food, any examples given  was  only used as an example of how business works though their history and public information. The focus is only to help explain a idea. Statements and conclusions of  any study authors that are presented are solely those of the study authors and do not necessarily reflect the  policy or position of Cynthia G. Creel or any means the information is published.  There is no representation or warranty as to their accuracy or reliability.

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Sources:

(1) http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0063602

(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182690/pdf/pbio.0030298.pdf

(3) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22544145

(4) http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23543-malaria-bug-may-give-mosquitoes-a-super-sense-of-smell.html

(5) http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2013/05/scienceshot-stinky-feet-smell-sw.html

(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19485798

(7) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003058.htm

(8) http://lifeisgoodbydesign.blogspot.com/2013/05/one-company-can-affect-world-are.html""

(9) http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv&controlCaseCount12_detailed.htm

(10) http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2012/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/malaria

(11) http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/reduction/itn.html

(12) http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/background.htm

(13) http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/45/8/1039.full

(14) http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/USGS_frame.html

“Malaria up to 500 million cases,  up to 1 million deaths:
Malaria parasite  may be in control though smelly feet, new ideas to save lives from malaria and West Nile virus”